INTRODUCTION
In most societies spoken language is primary. Every society has its own language, which it uses for the purpose of communication. It is said that spoken language serves as a vehicle for communication between two persons or people form different parts of country and even different parts of the world.
It is significant that most societies use the spoken form of the language but all people of these societies do not know the written form of the language but every body know and can speak the spoken form of language .We can see the survey that in 100% people, there are 45% listener, 30% speaker, reader16% and writter09%. So we can gasses that most of people are listener but listener is enactive till they do not hear the speech or talk of any body. So, it is necessary for every speaker to speak proper in his\her language. Speak or talk in any language is not one side activity because when the person talking, the other person (listener) is ready for listening him/her. So, there are two side activities. One is which the speaker does (to speak) and other is which listener does (to listen)
So, anytime when we are speaking, anybody must hear us so that we should keep concentration on the language we are speaking. We should try every time to develop our speaking skill.
Here, there are few strategies to given below to develop our speaking skills and they are all important and useful for good speaker.
FEW STRATEGIES TODEVELOP & USE FOR OUR SPEAKING SKILL
A. VOCABULARY
Speaking skill also put stress on vocabulary because without enough or adequate vocabulary, the speaker can’t speak in his /her language because with help of the vocabulary we make sentences and speaker gets hold on his /her language. Vocabulary is also one point of speaking skill. We can see this point in every language because without anyone language can stand.
“The perfect use of language is that in which every word carries the meaning that it is intended to, no less and no more”.
- [C.Connolly, Enemies of promise]
- The oxford Guide to the English Language
“Some misunderstandings may arise through lexical inadequacy or inaccuracy; hesitation and circumlocution are frequent, though there are signs of a developing active vocabulary”
- [Cyril weir’s- Understanding and Developing Language Test]
-CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
To make errors in the language there are many reasons init. And if we haven’t specific vocabulary them in proper sentence, situation, place, object.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
The person who knows only the word ‘boat’ but when he sees huge ship, he calls it ‘boat’, not ‘ship’. If the person may know the proper word, he/she might not do this
So, if the more vocabulary (speaker) he/she will get/know, the better speaker he /she will be.
B. TOPIC KNOWLEDGE
“Expert speaker speaks with authority on a variety of topic. Can initiate, expand and develop a theme”.
- [B.J. Carroll 1980 Testing communicative performance]
CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
We can include this point in developing speaking skill. At different times, different topics, occasion come in to contact with speaker so speaker should keep concentrating on his /her speaking topic.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
When the person (speaker) saying about future, past or present matters that time appropriate use of tense is necessary sometimes speaker talks about past matter but she/he use present tense so hearer do not understand the speaker.
Many times speaker does not know and starts talking and joins with others we all know that it is not good, so first speaker should listen or read carefully and after starts speaking or communicate with other. Listening and reading are two main side bases of speaker to know the knowledge of topic for speaker because if without complete listening or reading, speaker starts speaking, listener can’t understand because topic becomes.
C. TONE \RYTHM & STESS
“Severe and constant rhythm, intonation and pronunciation problem cause almost complete unintelligibility”
- [EEP, CALS-University of Reading –Cyril weir’s
Understanding and developing language Test]
- CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
Tone, rhythm and stress are important properties of speaking English. If the speaker does not speak with proper tone, rhythm and stress in his/ her language, the hearer many times can’t understand him /her deeply. The speaker who speaks complete intonation, tone stress that time listener or hearer keep watch that in which matter the speaker takes more important or significant and less important. With help of stress of tone, some time speaker directly suggests main subject but in today time many speaker left these .In English language there are rising and falling tone.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
“The thieves ` came at night”, normally this sentence spoken in British English with a high, nucleus, rising tone on ‘came’ and a falling tone on ‘night’.
Emotional degrees and different temperament of different time of the speakers affect his intonation. Speaker speaks with anger, grief, excitement, self-importance and many like these. In the same stress is also equally important in the sentences or on word because like tone, without take care on stress, the pronunciation or meanings of word come different or wrong. Stress is generally defined as the degree of prominence a syllable has. Even in Gujarati language, we can see these tone, rhythm, and stress.
D. BODY LANGUAGE
Body language is a part of nonverbal communication. Without saying a word, you can express something about your attitude and feelings through your facial expression, gestures and movements. Body language is undermine strength and power of our speech.
To become a good speaker, we must be aware of our own body language. It is one type of instrument, which indirect helps us to understand to our listener
FOR EXAMPLE: -
If the person (A) talking with his /her facial expression, body movement to his /her listener, the listener takes more interest in his/her talks or matter. The listener automatically understands smoothing which he/ she not understands him/her. So speaker should use this feature to develop his speaking skill.
E. NO FEAR, FULL CONFIDENCE: -
Generally, many people start speaking with ramble. They feel hesitation and fear therefore many times they can’t say what they want or if they say what they want, but people can’t understand them because of fear, hesitation, and tremble of tongue. If the person does not speak with confidence, the listener feels boring. Even in the powerful topic, the listener can’t get sprite. If the person begins to speak with confidence, the other person who listening can feels satisfaction with speech of speaker. There are many reasons to feel fear during the speaking time and many linguistic gives their opinions to get confidence and remove fear
FOR EXAMPLE: -
When the person starts speaking, that there are lot of thoughts goings on different direction .He/she thinks about bothering of mistakes, people make of him/her, it is right or wrong what he/she doing and many like these.
It is right that to get fluency in speaking skills, confidence is necessary. We should remove hesitation and to remove hesitation in our speech, we should speak freely in our friend circles, workshops, seminars etc. If you will have full of confidence, you can keep eye contact on your listener. And eye contact help use to understand to our listener but with confidence and to remove hesitation, eye contact we can’t keep.
F. EXPOSURE: -
The language should be authentic, real and global with which the speaker are exposed. To get authentic and real knowledge and materials, we should be depending on newspaper, magazine, television and radio programmed etc. They gave authentic language to speaker and even reader and writer
The person, who reads newspaper, magazines etc and hears radio and television, can get new word, different style of speaking of language. Through these types of medium, speaker directly takes up many words, phrases, quotation, pronunciation and uses or puts them in daily language. For example, to develop and improve English language, British Government has started its special programme (B.B.C world) on radio.
G. PRONUNCATION: -
Pronunciation is a good feature of speaking language or speaker. Good pronunciation becomes language lucid and hearable. We should be aware about the function of words and the structure of sentences. To improve pronunciation of our language, we should use the dictionary and keep in contact with speakers who speak with better pronunciation and linguist.
In many languages, different parts of people speak the ‘word’ and ‘sentences’ differently
FOR EXAMPLE: -
In Gujarat language, village people speak rigid type language. They do not make good pronunciation. But good/educated speaker of city and town speaks with good pronunciation, tone, and stress and format language. So, on these point different types of speakers, sometimes do not understand each other.
It is true that we should speak with correct and clear pronunciation, it is tough task but it becomes our speaking skill hearable and develops our personality
H. GRAMMAR: -
We consider language as rule governed behavior, relating to sounds, word formation and structure. We defined Grammar is as a theory of language.
According to modern linguistics, “grammar is a device that specifies the infinite set of well-formed sentences and assigns to each of them one or more structural descriptions”.
Grammar shows us the rules for correct use of language.
It is said that the language, which grammatically well formed, becomes lively.
Every time speaker of any language, should keep knowledge about grammar in his/her mind and to do this sometimes she/ he read some current grammar books.
We all know that without good structure of language in speaking and even in reading and writing, hearer or reader can’t understand the speaker or writer
FOR EXAMPLE: -
In English language, subject verb object-svo came in rotation in simple sentences and they take change according to tense, occasions, and situation.
In the same way, in Gujarati language subject object verb-sov also take change in different kind of sentences.
I. FLUENCY & ACCURACY: -
Fluency refers to the ability to produce written or spoken language with
ease and to communicate effectively.
Accuracy refers to the ability to produce grammatically correct sentences but may not include the ability to speak or write fluently speak well and develop our speaking skill. Speaker should keep accuracy and speak fluently. We know that accuracy put stress on grammar and may not include fluency speaking init
Speaker should speak accurate with fluently because both these are important features of good speakers.
IN CONCLUSION: -
Above mentioned all strategies, the speaker who wants be good speaker, should
use and keep concentration during speaking time. Vocabulary, body language, topic
language, exposer etc are important for good speaker who wants develop his/her
speaking skill. It is true that if the speech of language has effective and lucid, it becomes a best instrument or vehicles for speaker.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: -
Internet source- www.Google.com.in
- www.school-for-champions.com
Reference books: -
* CTE- 03-3, 4 -Certificate in Teaching of English
Activities -speaking and writing
[Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]
* SPEAK FOR YOURSELF WTH CONFIDENCE
- ELAYNE SNYDER WITH JONE FIELD
* AN INRODUCTORY BOOK OF LINGUISTICS &
PHONETICS
>BAREILLY
In most societies spoken language is primary. Every society has its own language, which it uses for the purpose of communication. It is said that spoken language serves as a vehicle for communication between two persons or people form different parts of country and even different parts of the world.
It is significant that most societies use the spoken form of the language but all people of these societies do not know the written form of the language but every body know and can speak the spoken form of language .We can see the survey that in 100% people, there are 45% listener, 30% speaker, reader16% and writter09%. So we can gasses that most of people are listener but listener is enactive till they do not hear the speech or talk of any body. So, it is necessary for every speaker to speak proper in his\her language. Speak or talk in any language is not one side activity because when the person talking, the other person (listener) is ready for listening him/her. So, there are two side activities. One is which the speaker does (to speak) and other is which listener does (to listen)
So, anytime when we are speaking, anybody must hear us so that we should keep concentration on the language we are speaking. We should try every time to develop our speaking skill.
Here, there are few strategies to given below to develop our speaking skills and they are all important and useful for good speaker.
FEW STRATEGIES TODEVELOP & USE FOR OUR SPEAKING SKILL
A. VOCABULARY
Speaking skill also put stress on vocabulary because without enough or adequate vocabulary, the speaker can’t speak in his /her language because with help of the vocabulary we make sentences and speaker gets hold on his /her language. Vocabulary is also one point of speaking skill. We can see this point in every language because without anyone language can stand.
“The perfect use of language is that in which every word carries the meaning that it is intended to, no less and no more”.
- [C.Connolly, Enemies of promise]
- The oxford Guide to the English Language
“Some misunderstandings may arise through lexical inadequacy or inaccuracy; hesitation and circumlocution are frequent, though there are signs of a developing active vocabulary”
- [Cyril weir’s- Understanding and Developing Language Test]
-CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
To make errors in the language there are many reasons init. And if we haven’t specific vocabulary them in proper sentence, situation, place, object.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
The person who knows only the word ‘boat’ but when he sees huge ship, he calls it ‘boat’, not ‘ship’. If the person may know the proper word, he/she might not do this
So, if the more vocabulary (speaker) he/she will get/know, the better speaker he /she will be.
B. TOPIC KNOWLEDGE
“Expert speaker speaks with authority on a variety of topic. Can initiate, expand and develop a theme”.
- [B.J. Carroll 1980 Testing communicative performance]
CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
We can include this point in developing speaking skill. At different times, different topics, occasion come in to contact with speaker so speaker should keep concentrating on his /her speaking topic.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
When the person (speaker) saying about future, past or present matters that time appropriate use of tense is necessary sometimes speaker talks about past matter but she/he use present tense so hearer do not understand the speaker.
Many times speaker does not know and starts talking and joins with others we all know that it is not good, so first speaker should listen or read carefully and after starts speaking or communicate with other. Listening and reading are two main side bases of speaker to know the knowledge of topic for speaker because if without complete listening or reading, speaker starts speaking, listener can’t understand because topic becomes.
C. TONE \RYTHM & STESS
“Severe and constant rhythm, intonation and pronunciation problem cause almost complete unintelligibility”
- [EEP, CALS-University of Reading –Cyril weir’s
Understanding and developing language Test]
- CTE –Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
Tone, rhythm and stress are important properties of speaking English. If the speaker does not speak with proper tone, rhythm and stress in his/ her language, the hearer many times can’t understand him /her deeply. The speaker who speaks complete intonation, tone stress that time listener or hearer keep watch that in which matter the speaker takes more important or significant and less important. With help of stress of tone, some time speaker directly suggests main subject but in today time many speaker left these .In English language there are rising and falling tone.
FOR EXAMPLE: -
“The thieves ` came at night”, normally this sentence spoken in British English with a high, nucleus, rising tone on ‘came’ and a falling tone on ‘night’.
Emotional degrees and different temperament of different time of the speakers affect his intonation. Speaker speaks with anger, grief, excitement, self-importance and many like these. In the same stress is also equally important in the sentences or on word because like tone, without take care on stress, the pronunciation or meanings of word come different or wrong. Stress is generally defined as the degree of prominence a syllable has. Even in Gujarati language, we can see these tone, rhythm, and stress.
D. BODY LANGUAGE
Body language is a part of nonverbal communication. Without saying a word, you can express something about your attitude and feelings through your facial expression, gestures and movements. Body language is undermine strength and power of our speech.
To become a good speaker, we must be aware of our own body language. It is one type of instrument, which indirect helps us to understand to our listener
FOR EXAMPLE: -
If the person (A) talking with his /her facial expression, body movement to his /her listener, the listener takes more interest in his/her talks or matter. The listener automatically understands smoothing which he/ she not understands him/her. So speaker should use this feature to develop his speaking skill.
E. NO FEAR, FULL CONFIDENCE: -
Generally, many people start speaking with ramble. They feel hesitation and fear therefore many times they can’t say what they want or if they say what they want, but people can’t understand them because of fear, hesitation, and tremble of tongue. If the person does not speak with confidence, the listener feels boring. Even in the powerful topic, the listener can’t get sprite. If the person begins to speak with confidence, the other person who listening can feels satisfaction with speech of speaker. There are many reasons to feel fear during the speaking time and many linguistic gives their opinions to get confidence and remove fear
FOR EXAMPLE: -
When the person starts speaking, that there are lot of thoughts goings on different direction .He/she thinks about bothering of mistakes, people make of him/her, it is right or wrong what he/she doing and many like these.
It is right that to get fluency in speaking skills, confidence is necessary. We should remove hesitation and to remove hesitation in our speech, we should speak freely in our friend circles, workshops, seminars etc. If you will have full of confidence, you can keep eye contact on your listener. And eye contact help use to understand to our listener but with confidence and to remove hesitation, eye contact we can’t keep.
F. EXPOSURE: -
The language should be authentic, real and global with which the speaker are exposed. To get authentic and real knowledge and materials, we should be depending on newspaper, magazine, television and radio programmed etc. They gave authentic language to speaker and even reader and writer
The person, who reads newspaper, magazines etc and hears radio and television, can get new word, different style of speaking of language. Through these types of medium, speaker directly takes up many words, phrases, quotation, pronunciation and uses or puts them in daily language. For example, to develop and improve English language, British Government has started its special programme (B.B.C world) on radio.
G. PRONUNCATION: -
Pronunciation is a good feature of speaking language or speaker. Good pronunciation becomes language lucid and hearable. We should be aware about the function of words and the structure of sentences. To improve pronunciation of our language, we should use the dictionary and keep in contact with speakers who speak with better pronunciation and linguist.
In many languages, different parts of people speak the ‘word’ and ‘sentences’ differently
FOR EXAMPLE: -
In Gujarat language, village people speak rigid type language. They do not make good pronunciation. But good/educated speaker of city and town speaks with good pronunciation, tone, and stress and format language. So, on these point different types of speakers, sometimes do not understand each other.
It is true that we should speak with correct and clear pronunciation, it is tough task but it becomes our speaking skill hearable and develops our personality
H. GRAMMAR: -
We consider language as rule governed behavior, relating to sounds, word formation and structure. We defined Grammar is as a theory of language.
According to modern linguistics, “grammar is a device that specifies the infinite set of well-formed sentences and assigns to each of them one or more structural descriptions”.
Grammar shows us the rules for correct use of language.
It is said that the language, which grammatically well formed, becomes lively.
Every time speaker of any language, should keep knowledge about grammar in his/her mind and to do this sometimes she/ he read some current grammar books.
We all know that without good structure of language in speaking and even in reading and writing, hearer or reader can’t understand the speaker or writer
FOR EXAMPLE: -
In English language, subject verb object-svo came in rotation in simple sentences and they take change according to tense, occasions, and situation.
In the same way, in Gujarati language subject object verb-sov also take change in different kind of sentences.
I. FLUENCY & ACCURACY: -
Fluency refers to the ability to produce written or spoken language with
ease and to communicate effectively.
Accuracy refers to the ability to produce grammatically correct sentences but may not include the ability to speak or write fluently speak well and develop our speaking skill. Speaker should keep accuracy and speak fluently. We know that accuracy put stress on grammar and may not include fluency speaking init
Speaker should speak accurate with fluently because both these are important features of good speakers.
IN CONCLUSION: -
Above mentioned all strategies, the speaker who wants be good speaker, should
use and keep concentration during speaking time. Vocabulary, body language, topic
language, exposer etc are important for good speaker who wants develop his/her
speaking skill. It is true that if the speech of language has effective and lucid, it becomes a best instrument or vehicles for speaker.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: -
Internet source- www.Google.com.in
- www.school-for-champions.com
Reference books: -
* CTE- 03-3, 4 -Certificate in Teaching of English
Activities -speaking and writing
[Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University]
* SPEAK FOR YOURSELF WTH CONFIDENCE
- ELAYNE SNYDER WITH JONE FIELD
* AN INRODUCTORY BOOK OF LINGUISTICS &
PHONETICS
>BAREILLY
